第一篇 人文篇passage 1
Passage 1建议用时：8分钟From:To:
When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』① At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.
As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②
1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .
A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language
B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns
C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history
D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage
2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.
A. Changes in the forms of words.
B. Changes in sentence structures.
C. Changes in spelling rules.
D. Words that have similar meanings.
3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?
A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.
B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.
C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.
D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.
4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .
A. historianB. philosopher
C. anthropologistD. linguist
5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage?
A. The history of the English language.
B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.
C. Our changing language.
D. Some characteristics of modern English.
Vocabulary
1.span n. 跨度，范围，一段时间，期间
2.imperceptible adj. 感觉不到的，觉察不到的，极细微的
3.organism n. 生物体，有机体
4.possession n. 拥有，占有，领土，领地
5.ignorant adj. 无知的
6.folk n. 人们，民族
7.permanence n. 永久，持久
8.Anglo-Saxons n. 盎格鲁—撒克逊语，盎格鲁—撒克逊人，地道的英国人
9.reversal n. 颠倒，反向，逆转
10.inflection n. 词尾变化
11.preposition n. 前置词，介词
12.conjunction n. 联合，关联，连接词
13.in terms of 根据，按照，用……的话，在……方面
长难句解析
①【解析】“who”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“the common, ignorant folk”。“much as”引导状语从句。“kitchen pots and pans”意为“锅碗瓢盆”。
【译文】一方面它是那些普通人甚至无知民众的财产，他们每天都像使唤他们的牲畜和锅碗瓢盆一样用着语言。
②【解析】 此句为一个复合倒装句。“until”引导一个并列句，前一句的主语是“a tendency”，“to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew”作“tendency”的定语，第二句的主语也是“a tendency”，“to”后面的句子作“tendency”的定语，“in which”引导的定语从句修饰“ways”。
【译文】例如在18世纪一种产生于各种来源的趋势把语言固定在一个不常使用和不利于语言发展的模式中，而到了当今，主流是要反复研究、评价人们说话、写作中的语言实践。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。
1.B细节题。根据题干回原文中定位，阅读文章时注意首末段及各段开头的句子，这往往都是考点所在。这篇文章讲的主要是英语语言演变的一些特点，指出了古英语与现代英语的不同，以及语言学家态度的转变。本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向。根据文章末尾The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write. 现代语言学家倾向于根据人们说和写的方式评价语言实践，而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。选项B符合文章的意思。
2.A词汇题。要根据上下文的信息判断单词的意思。文章在第二段中间再次提到inflection时说，A few inflections, however, have survived. 后面文章又举了WHO/WHOM和ME/I为例说明inflection，这是一篇关于语言学的文章，从例子可以看出inflection的意思应该是“单词的变形”，选项A正确。
3.A细节题。根据文章的内容，选项A“普遍认为1500年是现代英语的起点”在文章中没有提及，故为正确答案。文章第二句说The history of our language has always been a history of constant change - at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. 我们语言的历史是一个不断变化的历史——在一些时间里缓慢得几乎难以察觉，在另一些时间里则是两种语言的激烈碰撞。由此可以推断一些其他的语言对英语的发展有重大影响，选项B符合文章的意思。
4.D词汇题。此题考查考生的推测能力和词汇量，文章讲述的是英国语言演进的具体细节，最适当的答案应该是D。作者很可能是一位语言学家。A答案(历史学家)和C答案(人类学家)也可以有点迷惑性。B答案(哲学家)是最不符合的。
5.C主旨题。本文从各个方面谈及英语作为一种语言的发展变化，但并不是讲述英语的历史。所以选项A不对，选项C作为文章的题目最为贴切。选项B只是文章阐述的一个方面，不够全面。文章是在谈到英语的不断变化的时候谈到了现代英语的一些特点，所以选项D也失之于片面。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 2
Passage 2建议用时：6.5分钟From:To:
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. 『This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
Ｄ. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
Ａ. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
Ｂ. is different from the model of McDonald’s
Ｃ. shows the reverse of globalization
Ｄ. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought .
Ａ. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
Ｂ. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
Ｃ. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
Ｄ. Both Ａ and Ｂ
4. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international companies .
Ａ. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
Ｂ. all have the quality of patience
Ｃ. will follow the overseas local cultures
Ｄ. adopt the policy of internationalization
Vocabulary
1. dynamic adj. 动态的
2. variable n. 变量
3. aesthetics n. 美学
4. factual adj. 事实的
5. interpretative adj. 解释的
6. converge v. 聚合
7. transplant v. 移植
8. myopia n. 近视
9. adversary n. 对手
长难句解析
①【解析】此句虽然很长，但考生只要认清它的主干，就很容易了解本句的意思。这个句子为一个简单句，主语为：“this system”，谓语为“is shaped”。
【译文】特定社会成员特点构成的行为方式体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右：如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响，文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。
1. C推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。
2. Ａ细节题。意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。 Pepsi采纳的�**驶纳桃捣绺瘢庥肽切┲髡殴驶呐杀鸬囊饧窍嘁恢碌摹�
3. C推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。
4. D主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。
5. Ｂ细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 3
Passage 3建议用时：7.5分钟From:To:
As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. 『This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid.』① But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. (We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”, including the hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper.
As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. 『Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. 』②However, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a labourer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used.
1. The middle class mainly refers to people .
A. who were born as aristocrat
B. who have the right to sit in the House of Lords
C. who speak in many different local accents
D. who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions
2. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their .
A. dressB. work
C. accentD. meal
3. Why isn’t the word “sir” commonly used in Britain?
A. Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment.
B. Because it can only be used in some certain occupations.
C. Because it is an impolite word.
D. Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.
4. The “upper class” in England today .
A. are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to them
B. still uses old words like “Sir” in their everyday life
C. includes the hereditary aristocracy
D. refers only to the royal family
5. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?
A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.
B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.
C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.
D. The class system still exists below the surface.
Vocabulary
1. convention n. 习俗
2. embarrass v. 使困窘
3. rigid adj. 严格
4. hereditary adj. 世袭的
5. manual adj. 体力的
6. accent n. 口音
7. received pronunciation adj. (英语的)标准发音
8. well-bred adj. 有教养的
9. servility n. 卑屈
10. occupation n. 职业
长难句解析
①【解析】这是一个复合句，主句由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“though”引导的让步状语从句，也是由两个并列的句子组成。
【译文】尽管本世纪等级意识越来越淡，等级制度也越来越不严格，但对于英国人来说它仍是一个尴尬的话题，仍旧引以为耻。
②【解析】这是一个复合句，由“and”引导的两个并列句组成，“so…that”作“grown”的状语。
【译文】劳工家庭中的孩子上大学成为非常平常的事情，此后他们也加入各种专业行当。劳工阶层的工资近来也快速增长，使得两个阶层间的界线越来越模糊。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述英国等级意识虽然越来越淡，但在表层下，等级仍然存在。而“阶层”的最大区别是他们的口音。
1. D细节题。意为“那些比较富裕的生意人或有一定的职业的人”。见第一段的倒数第二句：中产阶级主要包括富裕的生意人和有一定的职业的人。所以正确答案应该是 D。
2. C细节题。意为“口音”。见第二段的第一句：他们之间最明显的区别是他们的口音。所以正确答案应该是 C。
3. Ａ推断题。意为“因为它听起来太过谦卑，很可能会引起尴尬”。见文章的最后两句：谦卑会引起尴尬和不悦。甚至像“先生”这样的词，除了在特定的职业中（如商业、军队）外，也不太常用，因为它听起来太过谦卑。所以正确答案应该是 A。
4. C细节题。A选项前半是对的。上流社会人数很少，后半是错的，媒体还在关注他们，注意一定要看清楚再选。B选项相关内容在文末。D没有提到。B在第一段中间出现，是正确答案。
5. B细节题。意为“来自工人阶级家庭的学生不能接受大学教育”。见第三段第二句的前半句：来自工人阶级家庭的学生接受大学教育并且某种职业的情况已十分普遍。所以选项 B的答案与文章不相符，是正确答案。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 4
Passage 4建议用时：6分钟From:To:
There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.
By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.
On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.
Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』② Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”
The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.
1. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. the different tastes of people for sports
B. the different characteristics of sports
C. the attraction of football
D. the attraction of baseball
2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that .
A. it is only to the taste of the old
B. it involves fewer players than football
C. it is not exciting enough
D. it is pretentious and looks funny
3. The author admits that .
A. baseball is too peaceful for the young
B. baseball may seem boring when watched on TV
C. football is more attracting than baseball
D. baseball is more interesting than football
4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):
A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.
B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.
C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.
D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.
5. We can safely conclude that the author .
A. likes footballB. hates football
C. hates baseballD. likes baseball
Vocabulary
1. dugout n. 棒球场边供球员休息的地方
2. pitcher n. 投手
3. symphony n. 交响乐
4. chamber n. 室内
5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视
长难句解析
①【解析】此句的主干是“Baseball…means…watching…”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing…”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。
【译文】对于他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。
②【解析】这是一个复合句，“goes up…”，“flexes…”“takes…”，“glances…”做“the third baseman”的并列谓语。
【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运动员脚尖点地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。
1. D主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见——认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。
2. C细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生——没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。 A意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。 D意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。
3. B推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。
4. B推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，作好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。
5. D推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 5
Passage 5建议用时：7.5分钟From:To:
Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby Doe”.Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said.
As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself,so he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco.『It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food and supplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.』①He did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.
Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself.One more time won’t make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of supplies,in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.
Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time.Leadville grew.Tabor became its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state.
1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT.
A.because Tabor became its leading citizen
B.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there
C.because it could bring good fortune to Tabor
D.because it was renamed
2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means.
A.to supply miners with food and supplies
B.to open a general store
C.to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine
D.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine,if one was discovered
3.Tabor made his first fortune.
A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings
B.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying
C.by buying the shares of the other
D.as a land speculator
4. The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is.
A. purely accidental
B. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site
C. through the help from his second wife
D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step
5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introduced in the following part?
A.Tabor’s life.
B.Tabor’s second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.
C.Other colorful characters.
D.Tabor’s other careers.
Vocabulary
1.barren adj. 贫瘠的
2.fabulous adj. 神话般的，难以置信的
3.lure vt.诱惑，引诱
4.deposit n.沉淀，储蓄
5.grubstake v.下注
长难句解析
①【解析】“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”后面的句子，“while”引导时间状语从句。
【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人“下注”，说得更明确一点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品，作为回报，当他们采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述霍塞斯·奥斯汀·沃纳·泰勃发家的故事。
1. C细节题。因为Leadville可以为Tabor带来巨富。这一点不是Leadville得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：A.因为Tabor成为当地的居民代表人物，B.因为在Leadville有丰富的铅的储藏量。D.因为Leadville是因为Tabor重要而起的名，唯独C没有，因为到后来发现是银矿才给他带来巨富。
2. D词汇题。第二段中grubstake的词义与D所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。(可参阅英华大辞典修订第二版64页)但此处还补充地讲，作为回报，供给者可以获得矿中资源一定份额。(见文章第二段第4行)
3. A细节题。Tabor第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段4-9行内容：两名开矿者从Tabor那儿借走价值17美元的物品，作为回报，Tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是Tabor又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于Tabor一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。Tabor用17美元的投资换来了130万美元的收获。
4. B推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创的“grubstake”模式，因为A、D都不对，C更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法，会得出B选项所示的结论。
5. B推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?key可以从文章第一句分析出来，在Leadville的黄金年代，其多彩的特点当中，Tabor及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor发家致富的历史，如先买下匹兹堡矿，后又买下Matchless矿，最后成为市长，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt的天地了，她是Tabor的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 6
Passage 6建议用时：6分钟From:To:
While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same.
『Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the landscape separated by long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop.』① The experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape.
Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have. There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder what my grandparent’s flat built of brick and mortar had become.
『Perhaps I shouldn’t have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six story apartment complex as well. 』②Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfather’s face peering out of the screen door. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, a showerthis was indeed different from four years ago.
1. According to the author, dramatic changes took place in.
A. cities but not countryside of China
B. both cities and countryside of China
C. countryside but not in large cities
D. everywhere
2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .
A. peasants lead similar life all over the world
B. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in America
C. peasants in Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants raise more rice
D. peasants in Midwest America raise more rice while Chinese peasants raise more corn
3. The author was traveling to Wuhu.
A. in order to take a stop during the trip from Shanghai to Nanking
B. in order to find some place similar to his hometown
C. in order to visit his grand parents
D. in order to find out changes in small cities
4. The author’s grand parents.
A. live in their house of brick and mortar
B. live in an apartment similar to westerners
C. led a totally westernized life
D. was poor as they always were
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Flash back to China
B. From Shanghai to Nanking
C. Wuhu Today
D. Back With My Grand Parents
Vocabulary
1. mortar n. 灰泥
2. amenity n. 便利设施
3. rectangular adj.长方形的
4. litter n.乱七八糟的东西
5. lane n.小路
6. demolish vt.拆除
长难句解析
①【解析】句子的主干是“…landscape separated by…”，“that”引导的定语从句，修饰“water”。
【译文】长方形的稻田杂乱地分布在田野上，田野被一些长长的水槽所隔开，这些水槽是为了提供这些作物生长所必需的水。
②【解析】“as well”作“也，又”讲，一般放在句末，而“as well as”作“也，又”讲放在句中。
【译文】也许，对于他们家已被拆除，重新盖起了六层的公寓，我不应该感到惊奇。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述作者回家乡所看到的家乡的巨大变化。
1. A细节题。这道题很简单, 就是考察对第一段那个长句的理解。作者说虽然大城市有巨大的变化, 但是农村还是老样子。
2. C推断题。美国中西部的农民种植玉米较多而中国农民种植大米较多。根据第二段最后一句: 眼前的景象很容易让人想起美国的中西部地区, 只不过那里到处是玉米, 这儿到处是大米。
3. C推断题。芜湖是作者的家乡， 他回去是要看望自己的祖父母。
4. B细节题。作者的祖父母住在一个类似于西方人的房子里面。
5. A主旨题。芜湖，祖父母，旅途都只是文章涉及的一个方面， 做标题最适合的还是A选项。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 7
Passage 7建议用时：8.5分钟From:To:
Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time.
『Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 』①Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time.
Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. 『Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.』②
Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance learning program is the equivalence of the distance learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part time education?
A. It requires some break in one’s career.
B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.
C. It affects one’s career.
D. It gives the student less time to share with the family.
2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning?
A. The student may choose his or her own pace.
B. The student may study at any time to his or her convenience.
C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.
D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc.
3. What benefit will distance learning program bring to a business?
A. Recruitment of more talented people.
B. Good image of the business.
C. Better cooperation with universities.
D. Further training of employees and business growth.
4. Good distance learning program have the following characteristic EXCEPT .
A. distance learning course is the same as students taking courses in campus
B. the result diploma or degree should be same as on campus study
C. professor-student relationship is strictly one to one all through the course
D. includes subject evaluation tool
5. What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business?
A. Professional growth.
B. Good relationship with the employer.
C. Good impression on the employer.
D. Higher salary.
Vocabulary
1.avenue n. 林荫道，大街，方法，途径，路
2.accommodating adj. 乐于助人的，随和的，善于适应新环境的
3.due adj. 应得的，应付的，正当的，预期的
4.facsimile machine 传真机
5.teleconferencing n. 电信会议
6.preclude v. 排除，使避免
7.equivalence n. 同等，等价，等效性
8.resultant adj. 作为结果而发生的，合成的
9.individuality n. 个性，个人的特性，个人的嗜好
10.sponsor v. 发起，主办，赞助
长难句解析
①【解析】这个句子由两部分组成，主语都是“part time education”，第一部分的“that is…”做主语的同位语。第二部分的谓语由两部分组成，即“tends to…”和“…puts…”。
【译文】函授教育就是在晚间或者一个月的每个周末去学校上课，这种教育倾向于把时间拖得很长，并且很多人难于完成这种学位。
②【解析】此句结构比较简单，主要要求考生掌握一些常用词，如“airmail”，“facsimile machine”，“teleconferencing”等。
【译文】教师的辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电话会议以及因特网等方式进行。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要通过函授教育和远程教育的比较，来说明远程教育的优点。
1.A推断题。问题问及选项中哪个不是业余教育的缺点。依据文章第一段中nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time可以看出，参加全日制学习需要中断自己的事业，在第二段中作者又说Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 业余教育，只需要晚上和周末学习，因此需要中断自己的事业不是部分时间教育的缺点。而其他选项都是文章提及的part time education的不利条件。
2.D细节题。文章提到的优缺点是几种教育方式之间的比较，问题问及哪个选项的内容不是远程教育的优点。前三个选项，A.“学生可以选择自己的进度”，B.“学生可以在他（或她）方便的时候学习”，C.“在学习的同时还可以追求自己的事业”都是文章中提及的与另两种方式比较的优点。在文章第二段最后，作者指出Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. 辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电话会议以及因特网等方式进行，作者只是提出了一种可能，实际上是弥补distance education的不足的一个建议，并不是远程教育（函授）的优点。因此选项D符合题意。
3.D细节题。选项A、B、C在文章中都没有提及，依据文章最后一段，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business 一个良好的远程教育计划不仅对个人有好处，而且对那些公司或者商业机构来说也是意义重大。选项D说的也正是这个意思，故为正确选项。
4.C细节题。意为：教授和学生之间的关系是严格地“一对一的”，而这不符合作者意图，参见原文末段，individuality 并不是意指严格地“一对一”。
5.A细节题。注意本题与上题的区别，上一题问及远程教育对公司的好处，本题则是远程教育对职工，也就是个人的好处。同样依据文章最后一段，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. 远程教育可以帮助雇员提高教育素质和职业技能从而促使事业的发展，正确选项为A。
参考译文
现在，那些想继续接受教育的人，都面临着许多选择。然而，几乎所有的人都会中断事业去参加学校的全日制课程。
函授教育是晚间或一个月的每个周末去学校上课，这种教育倾向于把时间拖得很长，并且很多人难于完成这种学位。而且，这种课程有固定的时间，这也对参加者的工作和生活带来一定的负面影响。
在关于教学的众多方法中，远程教育或许是最方便，最具灵活性的了。远程教育允许学生根据自己的进度灵活变通地进行学习，直到达到教学要求的目标。这种教育方法在现代世界中是十分必要的，课程要求的学习时间可以根据个人生活中的其它需要而暂时搁置或另作安排。此外，学生在工作的同时就可以在世界上的任何地方学习远程教育的课程。教师的辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电话会议以及因特网等方式进行。
良好的远程教育计划以每一科目都具有课程评估方法为特征。
这样就省去了学生必须从家跑到学校参加考试的麻烦。另一个特征是远程教育课程所采用的学习资料与在校生的学习资料是一样的。无论参加的是远程教育还是学校教育，学生所取得的文凭与学位都是一样的。还有一个特征是，教授与学生的关系是一对一的。从最后的分析中可以看到，一个良好的远程教育计划不仅对学生个人有好处，而且对公司或商业机构来说也是意义重大，它可以帮助雇员提高教育素质，职业技能从而促进事业发展。因此，支持雇员参加远程教育课程会使公司具备一种优势，那就是拥有一批有职业头脑并为个人和职业发展不断进步的员工。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 8
Passage 8建议用时：6.5分钟From:To:
One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.
Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking - still in private rather than in public - whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990’s.
『Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? 』①This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.
The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested… They are places to which men can turn for judgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. 『Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement is impaired.”』②
This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together.
Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 『They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s.』③
1. The issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .
A. fight militarism
B. overcome the widespread drug dependency
C. take an active part in solving society’s ills
D. support our old and established institutions
2. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harvard men are becoming .
A. more sure about them
B. less sure about them
C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer
D. completely disillusioned about ever
3. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .
A. a parenthetical expression
B. a difficult puzzle
C. an abnormal condition
D. a self-contradiction
4. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is.
A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god
B. a temple or nunnery of middle age
C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps
D. an academy for intelligent people
5. In the author’s judgement, the ferment going on at Harvard .
A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment
B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change
C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends
D. will influence future life in America
Vocabulary
1.paradox n. 似非而是的论点；似非而可能是的隽语；自相矛盾的话
2.sanctuary n. 避难所
3.clapboard n. 隔板，墙板，桶板
4.distinguished adj. 卓著的，著名的，高贵的
5.partisanship n. 党派性，党派偏见
6.disinterested adj. 无私的
7.impair v. 削弱，伤害
8.militant adj. 好战的，战斗性的
9.be bound to 一定要……
长难句解析
①【解析】此句由两个并列的句子组成，“apart from…”做第一个句子“sanctuary”的补语。
【译文】哈佛或其它一些大学应当是一个智力的避难所，远离当今的政治和社会变革；还应当是政治和社会变革的一块实验基地，或者甚至是革命的一部发动机呢？
②【解析】两个“the moment”引导的句子做此句的时间状语从句。
【译文】显然，当大学处于政治和私有企业的控制下，或者他们自己从事政治和政府的领导时，他们作为独立和公正判断的价值观将会收到伤害。
③【解析】这个长句由三个句子组成，“but”引导了一个转折句，“and”引导了一个并列句。be bound to“肯定会，必定”。
【译文】他们甚至不清楚应当怎样讨论和解决他们的问题，但是他们每个人正在奋斗，并且哈佛大学议论的结果必定影响20世纪90年代美国的大学和政治生活。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述哈佛大学正面临的一个重要的争论，即一所大学应当是什么样的，现在的大学是否是符合标准的，哈佛大学应当远离政治和社会，还是作为政治和社会的一块实验田。
1.C细节题。文章第三段实际上已经告诉我们本文要讨论的议题。选项C提到的观点是“大学应该保持独立”这一论点的对立面，属议题范围之内。
2.B细节题。根据文章末段，Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 可知正确选项为B。
3.D词汇题。从第四段我们可以猜出paradox是“自相矛盾”的意思。因此选项D正确。
4.C词汇题。意为：“Sanctuary”就是你可躲起来避过灾祸的地方。在中世纪一般是某些教堂或者修道院可以充当躲避任何政府惩罚的避难所，所以A、B两项也是与它词义有一点关联的，D关系最小。
5.D观点题。根据文章末尾，and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s. 作者认为在哈佛的争论的结果一定会影响美国的大学和政治生活。本题中的ferment意为“**动，纷扰”，指的就是文章所说的争论。因此D符合作者的观点。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 9
Passage 9建议用时：7分钟From:To:
Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”.
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. 『Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.』①
Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.
『But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.』②
1. Women’s place, some people think, is the protective environment of the home because .
A. women can provide better care for the children
B. women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all
C. women are biologically suited to domestic jobs
D. women can not compete with men in any field
2. According to the author, sex roles .
A. are socially determined
B. are emotionally and physically determined
C. can only be determined by what education people take
D. are biologically and psychologically determined
3. The author points out that the assignments of women’s roles in work .
A. are determined by what they are better suited to
B. grow out of their position inside the home
C. reflect a basic difference between men and women
D. are suitable to them, but not to men
4. The author will probably agree with .
A. certain sociologists ’ prediction that woman are picking up more responsibility in the decades to come
B. historian’s general denial of women’s contribution towards human thoughts
C. Nietzsche’s contemplation about difference between sexes
D. entrepreneurs favoring particular sex when hiring employee
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable.
B. Women’s roles in work is too limited at present.
C. In one society, men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another.
D. Some of the women’s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men.
Vocabulary
1.ideology n. 意识形态，思维方式
2.destiny n. 命运，定数
3.domestic adj. 家庭的，国内的
4.homemaker n. 家庭主妇
5.competitive adj. 竞争的，竞争性的
6.elementary school 小学
7.informal adj. 非正式的，不拘礼节的
8.reflection n. 反映，反省，反射
9.ample adj. 充足的，丰富的长难句解析
①【解析】according to the ideology做插入语。
【译文】在劳动上男性工作和女性工作之间的非正式的区别，根据意识形态来说，只是性别之间基本差异的一个功能反映。
②【解析】两个“that”引导的句子同时作“believe”的宾语。
【译文】但是人们相信性别之间生理上的不同是个定数，大自然想要男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要一方面讲述女人由于在生理上和心理上要比男人脆弱，因此她们适合于做一些具有保护性的工作，另一方面又讲述在社会生活中****扮演不同的角色最根本的原因并不在他们生理和心理的差别上，而是由人的社会性决定的。
1.C细节题。根据文章第一段Women are the weaker sex - both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. 由于妇女在生理上和心理上都较男性弱，因此她们最适合做家务事，这样在通常情况下，家庭这个具有保护性的环境就成了妇女的活动空间。因此选项C正确。
2.A细节题。根据文章第三段It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned. 当然不是****间最基本的生理和心理差别要求各自在社会生活中扮演不同的角色，而有充足的证据表明性别角色在每个社会都是不同的，性别角色的不同很大程度上是后天习得的。由此我们可以看出性别角色是由人的社会性决定的，因此A正确。
3.B细节题。文章第二段中说It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. 妇女受雇做护士、社会工作者、小学教师和秘书等工作，而这些工作不过是妇女家庭角色的延伸。选项B说的也正是这个意思。
4.A推断题。从全文来看，作者可能会同意一些社会学家预测妇女将在未来社会承担重要责任的看法。B项在文中未提到，C项尼采的观点更是这个问题上的众矢之的；D项没有指明具体优先考虑哪个性别，也不合适。
5.A推断题。文章最后作者说，人们相信nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable 既然造物主要求男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。因此选项A.“按性别确定的角色的划分是完全不能接受的”符合题意，为正确选项。选项B、C、D的内容都在文章中出现过或暗示过，符合文章的意思，对本题来说不构成正确选项。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 10
Passage 10建议用时：6分钟From:To:
More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
『It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.』①
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. 『In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.』②
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. 『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff.』③ And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
1.It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected
D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
2.It is implied in the third paragraph that .
A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.
C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.
D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.
4. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that .
A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to master
B. the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished
C. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court
D. those who commit crimes do not mean bad
5.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?
A. With bad reputation they can hardly find another job.
B. They will be denied access to confidential records.
C. They may walk away and easily find another job.
D. They must leave the country or go to jail.
Vocabulary
1.reap n. 收获
2.get away 逃脱
3.glowing adj. 热情洋溢的
4.recommendation n. 推荐信
5.statistics n. 统计数字
6.disturbing adj. 令人忧虑的
7.keypunch v. 打孔
8.tip off 泄露
9.transaction n. 交易
10.juggle v. 玩戏法，篡改
11.confidential adj. 绝密的
12.depart v. 离开
长难句解析
①【解析】这个长句是由“but”连接的两个句子组成，第一个句子“if”引导条件状语从句，第二个句子中的“even if”引导递进关系的条件状语从句。
【译文】如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，这种犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。
②【解析】“that”引导宾语从句，和“company”一起构成“tipped off”的双宾语。“tip off”，“提示，警告”。
【译文】另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的不满意的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。
③ 【解析】“of”后的句子都做“thought”的定语。
【译文】他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述计算机犯罪很难被发现，即使一旦被发现，也不会像其它犯罪一样，被流放或进监狱，反而常常是得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。
1.B推断题。首先根据第二段可知，A是错误的，因为计算机犯罪不是不能发现的。C“用计算机犯罪的罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，因为他们不会被发现”，D“利用计算机犯罪的人是应他�**镜囊笳庋龅摹倍际谴砦蟮模闹忻挥刑岬健Ｖ挥蠦，“计算机犯罪是金融机构里最严重的问题”是在文中第一段中暗示了的。因此选B。
2.A推断题。文章的第三段指出，“究竟有多少计算机犯罪，我们没有确切的统计数字，令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的，而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。”这说明A是正确的：没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多。
3.D细节题。A是“应该建立一套严格的反计算机犯罪的法律”，B“公司应该对绝密的材料进行严格的控制”，C“公司为了维护其声誉，应该对计算机犯罪严加防范”，文中都没有提到。只有D在文中最后两段中有所表述。公司出于对自己声誉的考虑，往往对计算机犯罪含糊其辞，遮遮掩掩。
4.C细节题。雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容可能有各种原因。A、B、C、D所说的情形，在现实中都可以出现，但文中提到的只有C项，参见末段。
5.C细节题。答案在文中的倒数第二段中：计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不同的是，他们不仅不会流亡国外，或者自杀或者进监狱，而且还往往得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。
参考译文
企业、政府以及金融机构的运作越来越多地被存在于计算内存中的信息所控制。只要够聪明，任何人为了个人目的而修改了这些信息都可以获得丰厚的奖励，更糟的是，许多从事这类活动并被抓住的人却已大摇大摆的逃脱了惩罚。
如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。
当然，我们没有未被发现的罪犯的统计数字。但是，当我们谈到我们所了解的仅仅是被偶然发现而不是系统监测或其他安全程序发现的罪犯有多少时，我们还是会感到很不安，那些被抓住的计算机罪犯只是意外霉运的牺牲者罢了。
例如，某个打孔操作员抱怨不得不加班为额外的卡片打孔。调查表明，那些额外的卡片是用作非法交易的。另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的心怀不满的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。
不同于其他（那些必须离开国家，自杀或进监狱的）违法者，计算机罪犯有时可以逃脱惩罚，不仅要求不被控诉而且还索取推荐或其他好处，而他们的要求通常都会得到满足。
为什么会这样呢？因为公司行政人员害怕公众发现他们的计算机被误用从而对两公司造成很坏的公众影响。他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。因此，另一个计算机罪犯带着他需要的推荐信离开了，继续他的罪恶职业。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 11
Passage 11建议用时：8.5分钟From:To:
Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. 『The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.』①
The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over 750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million.
In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black.
『Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. 』②Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.
College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3 percent of whites in that age group had completed college.
Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, but over half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions.
B. The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for white students too.
C. Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States.
D. Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and white students alike.
2.What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?
A. It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions.
B. It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks.
C. It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised.
D. It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people were intensified.
3.Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?
A. Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States.
B. It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.
C. It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.
D. The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatly increased.
4. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .
A. get enrolled in traditionally white colleges
B. get enrolled in traditionally black institutions
C. complete college
D. get a Doctor’s Degree in science
5.Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?
A. The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up of segregated institutions.
B. They created many problems for their students.
C. They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship.
D. The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.
Vocabulary
1.desegregation n. 对种族隔离的取消
2.prolonged adj. 长时间的
3.predominantly adv. 主要地
4.bar v. 阻挡，禁止
5.encounter v. 遇到
6.substantially adv. 在相当程度上，很大地
7.underrepresented adj. 被忽视的
8.confer v. 授予，给予
9.reverse adj. 反方向的
10.discrimination n. 歧视
11.reverse v. 调转，转向
长难句解析
①【解析】此句的关键在于理清“to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds”是用来修饰限定“The opening up”的。
【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族和信仰背景的学生的接纳，是受到歧视的有色人种在法庭上，街道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。
②【解析】此句中“that”引导定语从句，修饰“historically black institutions”，“when” 作定语从句中的时间状语从句。
【译文】但是高等教育种族制度的废除，却给传统的黑人院校制造了新的麻烦，这些院校历史上曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋斗不止。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了美国高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离制度的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。
1.D主旨题。文章主题思想是在美国的高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。A、B、C都是文中提到的内容，但不是中心的内容。
2.B细节题。文章的第一段指出，原先实行种族隔离的高等院校对各个种族学生的开放是受到歧视的有色人种经过在法庭、街道和校园里长期斗争之后的结果。并不是因为入学人数的增加。
3.A推断题。在这样的题型中，有可能A、B、C、D四个选项都是对的，但是有一个不符合因果的联系。在本题中，A是应选的。因为虽然黑人学生在美国的研究生院和特种职业培训的高等院校中受到明显的歧视是个事实，但是它并不是开放高等院校的结果。
4.D细节题。文中曾指明黑人取得博士学位的比率极低，而且大部分是教育学博士。
5.A细节题。在高等院校全部开放以后，传统的黑人院校不再以黑人学生为主。C是错误的。因为尽管传统的黑人院校曾经在历史上培养了不少优秀人才，但是在开放政策实行以后，它们也面临着很多困难，所以谈不上取得了很大的进展。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 12
Passage 12建议用时：8.5分钟From:To:
Indonesia has defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island, where Singaporeans hold the lion’s share of investments, reports said yesterday. “I am very sad by the turn of events,” the head of the Bintan District Assembly, Mr Huzrin Hood, was quoted as saying in Singapore’s Straits Times daily. “But if nothing was done, there will be problems for Bintan in the long run.”
Bintan, about 50 kilometers east of Singapore, is a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans, who also hold the majority of the $S1.35 billion ($1.23 billion) in investments there. In a pre-dawn operation on Sunday, Indonesian troops moved in to quell nearly a week of protests outside the Bintan Beach International Resort by about 200 disgruntled villagers. At least 13 people were injured, four of them seriously, and more than 70 people arrested in the 45-minute operation, according to the Straits Times. Three of the injured were said to have gunshot wounds in the chest and stomach. The report said the arrested were blindfolded and tied up before being put into a speedboat and brought to a police station in Tanjung Pinang, south of Bintan island. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also held in the operation.
The villagers had set up a blockade and camped at a road leading to the Bintan Beach International Resort, demanding additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industries Ltd. Armed with knives and spears, they had last week seized a power plant of the Bintan Industrial Estate, severing electricity and water supply to the 27 factories there. They left the plant after being given assurances their demands would be looked into.
Indonesia’s President Abdurrahman Wahid had cancelled at the last minute a planned meeting yesterday with representatives of the protesters, who declined to relent. Singapore’s Prime Minister, Mr. Goh Chok Tong, also expressed regret over the protests and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in Bintan. 『Mr. Hood said the Indonesian Government had no choice but to act, because the villagers kept on rejecting its proposals for an end to the blockade.』① He would go to Jakarta this week to meet senior central Government officials to help resolve the problems faced by the villagers, he said. “There are many of them still out there, and if they are still unhappy they can cause problems for Bintan in the future.”
1.What is the topic of this passage, according to the passage?
A. Indonesia villagers attacked the Bintan District Assembly.
B. Indonesia government defended it’s protesters who sought higher compensation for land on Bintan island from Singapore.
C. Indonesia defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island.
D. Indonesia government defends its villagers cracked down by Singapore.
2.Bintan is .
A. a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans
B. an island where Singaporean hold the majority of the $1.23 billion investment
C. a place where Indonesia cracked down protesters seeking more compensation
D. all of the above
3.Which of the following is Not true about the crackdown in Bintan?
A. Indonesian troops quelled the protesters outside the Bintan Beach international Resort by about 200 villagers.
B. At least 13 people were injured, but no death so far.
C. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also injured in the operation.
D. The villagers demand additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industrials Ltd.
4. Which of the following is the most probable result?
A. The villagers’ request was finally fulfilled.
B. The Singaporeans were driven out and everything was settled.
C. The villagers was given a little more money and warned not to make any more disturbance, they have no choice but to submit.
D. More protest broke out and evolved into a revolution.
5.From the last part of the passage we know .
A. the representatives declined to relent after the meeting with President Wahid
B. Singapore’s Prime Minister expressed regret over the protesters and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in the country
C. head of the Bintan District Assemble will meet senior central Singapore government officials to deal with the problems faced by the villagers
D. many protesters are still keeping on their act in Bintan
Vocabulary
1.disgruntled adj. 不满的;不高兴的
2.blindfold n. 眼罩;障眼物
vt. 遮眼;蒙骗
adj. 看不清的;盲目的
3.blockade n. 阻塞
vt. 封锁
4.relent vi.发慈悲，动怜悯的
长难句解析
①【解析】“have no choice but to do…”意为“没有别的选择，只能……”。
【译文】 Hood先生说印度尼西亚政府别无选择只能采取行动，因为村民仍然拒绝结束封锁。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文是一篇新闻稿，报道的是发生在印度尼西亚的一个冲突事件。印尼的Bintan岛是与新加坡东部毗邻的一个岛，有很多来自新加坡的投资商，也是新加坡人周末度假的胜地。当地居民为获得更高的土地补偿，在向政府抗议时发生流血冲突。该事件如果不得到妥善解决，很可能会引起社会的不稳定。
1.C主旨题。印尼的Bintan岛居民要求获得对其卖出土地的更多赔偿，官方派部队镇压抗议群众，造成流血事件。第二、四项说新加坡政府的镇压和要求新加坡政府赔偿都是错误的，第一项当地居民袭击地区议会也是不正确的。
2.D细节题。对于Bintan岛的叙述，几项均正确。这是新加坡东部毗邻的一个岛，是新加坡人周末度假的胜地，但最近发生流血事件，居民抗议活动遭到镇压。见原文。
3.C细节题。文中提及12名学生领袖中的8名被捕，是否受伤并未提及，故选此项。第一、二项符合文意，第四项不属于冲突事件的结果，所以排除选择的可能性。
4.C推断题。从这段文章中可以看出，政府关心的并不是岛上居民的利益，而是保证国外投资和岛的长期发展?因此A、B是不可能出现的，而从岛上居民从前那些反抗的结局来看，D项基本上也是不现实的，最可能的就是他们得到了一点点钱，放弃了更多的努力。
5.D推断题。从文中最后一句也可以判断仍有村民继续抗议，其他几项均有错。第一项瓦希德总统在最后一分钟取消了预计的会议，因为抗议者声势已减弱了。第二项是保护该岛的新加坡投资商而不是全国范围。第三项应是与印尼政府高级官员商谈，非新加坡政府官员。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 13
Passage 13建议用时：8.5分钟From:To:
President Clinton met with leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies on Thursday to enlist their support in an uphill battle to secure Congress’ blessing for a landmark trade agreement with China. White House spokesman Joe Lockhart said Clinton stopped in to talk to several of the industry’s top executives while they were at the White House for talks with Chief of Staff John Podesta. “The president’s main focus of his comments to the group was the importance of, early this year, getting NTR (normal trade relations) on China worked through,” Lockhart said. Clinton discussed 『“the importance not only to their particular businesses, which is clearly important, but also to the American economy and to the idea that we can continue this prosperity, we can continue this economic expansion,”』① Lockhart said.
The industry executives who met with Clinton and Podesta included Cisco Systems (NasdaqNM:CSCO - news) CEO John Chambers; Dell Computer Corp. (NasdaqNM:DELL - news) CEO Michael Dell; Intel Corp. (NasdaqNM:INTC - news) Chairman Andrew Grove; Compaq Computer Corp. (NYSE:CPQ - news) CEO Mike Capella; Hewlett-Packard (NYSE:HWP - news) CEO Carly Fiornia; NCR Corp. (NYSE:NCR - news) CEO Lars Nyberg; and Silicon Graphics Inc. (NYSE:SGI - news) Chairman and CEO Robert Bishop.
『The White House has said Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince Congress to approve permanent NTR status for China, which would clear the way for China to join the World Trade Organization.』② U.S. Commerce Secretary William Daley said on Wednesday it was critical that Congress vote soon on the trade agreement, warning the November election could jeopardize its chance of passage. The trade agreement, hammered out last November after years of negotiation, calls for China to slash tariffs and other barriers in a wide range of markets, from agriculture and automobiles to telecommunications. The agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but is under fire from labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress, who see more trade with China as a threat to U.S. jobs.
In return for China opening its markets, Congress must grant Beijing permanent NTR status and do away with its annual review process. That process has become increasingly controversial with lawmakers often speaking out against China’s human rights record and recently on allegations that China stole U.S. nuclear secrets. A White House official said the high-tech executives also discussed the “digital divide”—the growing division in the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without—in their talks with Podesta. “Both the administration and the CEOs said it was a very positive meeting,” he said. “Both sides pledged to work together.”
1.What does “blessing” mean in the context?
A. An act of asking or receiving God’s favor, help or protection.
B. A gift from God; something one is glad of .
C. Approval; encouragement.
D. Something not very pleasant, which however is really a good thing after all.
2.The importance of “getting normal trade relations on China worked through” is .
A. the normal trade relations with China is important to the American economy
B. the normal trade relations with China is important to the idea that the US can continue its prosperity and its economy expansion
C. the normal trade relations with China is important to the big businesses and trade
D. all of the above
3.Which of the following are the two sides that were present at the meeting?
A. Clinton, President the US-Cisco Systems; Dell computer Corp; Intel Corp; Compaq Computer Corp; Hewlett; NCR Corp; Silicon Graphics Inc.
B. Clinton and Podesta-leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies.
C. Clinton, Podesta, Joe Lockhart-Cisco systems CEO; Dell Computer Corp CEO; Intel Corp Chairman; Compay computer Corp CEO; Hewlett-Packard CEO; NCR Corp CEO; Silicon Graphics Inc, Chairman and CEO.
D. Podesta-John Chambers; Michael Dell; Andrew Grove; Mike Capella; Carly Fiornia; Lars Nyberg; Robert Bishop.
4. The reason for labor union’s disapproval to NTR status for China is probably .
A. out of political consideration
B. for the fear that China’s low labor cost may cause more unemployment in America.
C. unreasonable and ridiculous
D. for the fear of more business conflict between America and China as partners
5.What conclusion can we draw about the meeting ,according to the passage?
A. It was a positive meeting and both sides are willing to work together on the landmark trade agreement.
B. The trade agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but the labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress are against it.
C. The high-tech executives discussed the “digital divide” -the growing division in the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without.
D. Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince congress to approve permanent NTR status for China.
Vocabulary
1.exec n. execute的简写;执行;运行
2.enlist vt. 征募;参与;谋取
vi. 从军;应募;赞助
3.uphill adj. 上坡的;向上的
adv. 上坡地;向上地
4.jeopardize vt. 危害;使受危困;使陷危地
5.slash vt. vi. 猛砍;乱砍
n. 猛砍;乱砍
n. 斜杠
6.tariff n. 关税;关税表;价格表;收费表
vt. 征收关税
7.controversial adj. 争论的;论争的;被议论的
8.allegation n. 指控;硬说;断言;主张;陈述;辩护;理由
9.digital n. 数字;数字式
adj. 数位的;数字的
10.pledge n. 保证;誓言;抵押
vt. 保证;使发誓;抵押;典当;举杯祝……健康
11.positive adj. 确实的;明确的;积极的;肯定的;
长难句解析
①【解析】“not only…but also”译为“不仅……而且……”
【译文】不仅仅是对他们的某些生意非常重要，当然这点是显而易见的，而且对美国的经济和我们能够持续繁荣，我们可以继续经济扩张的理念也很重要。
②【解析】“which…”引导的一个定语从句修饰“status”，“clear the way”译为“扫清道路”。
【译文】白宫方面说，克林顿和他的内阁将发起一个大型运动来说服国会通过对中国的永久正常贸易关系地位，这将扫清中国加入世界贸易组织的障碍。
答案与详解
【短文大意】文章主要讲的是美国总统克林顿召集全美几家主要高科技公司首脑商谈，要求获得他们的支持以保证十一月份与中国签署贸易协定时能得到国会的批准。
1.C词汇题。阅读全文可知，克林顿总统召集全美几家主要的高科技公司首脑商谈的主要目的是获得他们的支持以保证十一月份与中国签署贸易协定通过国会的批准。所以blessing这个词应是批准的意思。在新闻类文章中常常使用一些非正式的语言，或者是口语、俚语、俗语甚至随意复合新词，以吸引读者，所以在阅读此类文章时要注意一些词的特殊用法，否则容易引起误解文章的意思。第一项是指祝福、祈福；第二项是赐福、恩赐，可喜之事，第四项应为a blessing in disguise，祸中得福，塞翁失马焉知非福。
2.D细节题。恢复与中国的贸易关系对美国的经济发展具有重要的意义，特别是对大公司企业的产品出口，占领国外市场都具有特殊的意义。克林顿总统说这对于美国继续保持繁荣，经济增长的梦想是非常重要的，所以三项都应选。
3.B细节题。此题很简单，但必须要仔细。其实有一部分试题不在于考考生的推理分析能力，而是在考查从文章中获取信息的能力以及掌握信息的速度和准确率，此题就是一个例子。考生应在这方面多作些训练，根据文章，会谈双方应选B。
4. B推断题。由文中第三段末可知，工会对给中国贸易通常贸易伙伴关系主要是害怕造成过分的本土失业。因为中国的人力成本对国外企业是有相当吸引力的。
5.A推断题。从文中我们可以推测，总统及内阁和高科技公司将共同努力，支持与中国恢复正常贸易伙伴关系，因为对于大的商业和贸易公司来说，这将带来更多的利润和机会。其他几项已经是既成事实，所以不必推测，不符题意，故排除。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 14
Passage 14建议用时：6分钟From:To:
When school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends, had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, “So now you’re in the A class. ”
She sounded impressed.
“What’s the A class?” I asked.
Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. “Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn’t you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?”
Of course I hadn’t known. 『The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me.』① The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and l had never, in the six weeks I’d been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out about the A, B, and C classes.
I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didn’t yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house.
I didn’t know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then! ), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn’t occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here and there like mists or winds, I didn’t know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann’s land ever to get out of the C class. I didn’t know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.
I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger ale—a strange drink I had never tasted before.
1.The tone of this passage as a whole is.
A. reflective B. enthusiastic
C. impersonal D. defensive
2.The narrator had most probably been placed in the C class because .
A. she was a poor reader
B. she had come from a small school
C. the marking system confused her
D. all children of transient laborers were placed in the C class
3.The basic reason why the people in the community distrusted the transient workers was that the transient workers.
A. tended to be lawbreakers B. had little schooling
C. were afraid of strangers D. were temporary residents
4. Which of the following is not characteristic of Gypsies?
A. Wandering around the world.
B. Make ginger ale in their house.
C. Never plant something.
D. Had been foreigners wherever they go.
5.Immediately after the narrator was moved to the A class, what was the attitude of Barbara and Barbara’s friends towards her?
A. Dislike B. Acceptance
C. Apology D. Jealousy
Vocabulary
1.envious adj.嫉妒的
2.giggling n. 傻笑
3.subdivision n. 细分
4.transient adj.短暂的
5.mist n. 薄雾
6.hopscotch n. 跳房子游戏
长难句解析
①【解析】and连接两个并列的句子。第一个分句中含有than引导的比较状语从句，注意主从句中时态的不同。occur to译为“想到，想起”。
【译文】Wenatchee 的五年级比我以前在Dakota北部的学校规模还要大，在一个年级内分班这是我以前从未想到过的。
答案与详解
【短文大意】在文章中作者回顾了她童年时从低级班升入高级班的往事及这件事给她带来的感受。
1.A主旨题。 reflective在此意为：回顾的。在这个问题中tone意为：语气、心情。纵观全文， 我们可以看出，叙述者是在回忆她童年时发生的一件事（第一、二、三、四段）及这件事 的发生所给她带来的感受（第四、五段）。 impersonal意为：不涉及个人情感的，客观的。 defensive意为：辩护的，申辩的。这里并非是作者因受到指责而为自己辩护，本文主要谈的是人与人之间的歧视给作者当时幼小心灵带来的困惑。
2.D细节题。在文章第五段第六句，本文叙述者告诉我们，在所有生活在Baumann这个地方 帐篷里的孩子中，她是迄今为止（ever）从 C班（低级班）升入 A班（高级班）唯一的一个孩子。而生活在那里的人无固定工作，被称作“无固定工作者”（transient laborer， 见本段第三句与第七句）。C意为：记分体制（或方法）使之困惑。
3.D推断题。文章第四、五段指出，当地的人（农民：those who plant）用怀疑的眼光（with the suspicion）来看待他们，因为，他们住帐篷，“没有固定职业，像吉普赛人（gypsies： 这里并非真指吉普赛人，而是指他们的生活方式像吉普赛人）一样游移不定，四海漂泊 （drifting here and there like mists or winds）。 A意为：很可能成为违法分子； B意为：受过很少教育。”
4.B推断题。吉普赛人住帐篷，没什么房子，因而也不会在房子里做ginger ale。另外三项都是他们的生活特色。
5.B推断题。答对题的关键是准确地理解这个题。这个题提问的焦点是：叙述者刚刚升入A班后（Immediately after…A class）， Barbara及其朋友对她是什么态度，而不是后来。仔细审视一下本题，我们就会得出这样一个结论：在叙述者介入A班后，Barbara等起初是一种态度，尔后，她们改变了这种态度。从原文第四段第三句我们了解到：叙述者与Barbara等在那个学校上学至少有六个星期了，只是不知道A、B、C班的分班基础。同时，在文章 最后一段，我们了解到：叙述者与Barbara等至少共度了两天的快乐时光，如，课间（at class intervals）一起玩，到她们家做客等。很明显，这两天说的是叙述者刚刚升入A班。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 15
Passage 15建议用时：7.5分钟From:To:
Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man.When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day.After all,his career had not been without distinction.Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F.Kennedy was assassinated.As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.
In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr.Konstantin Chernenko.Now,as you all know,Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.
『The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago.』①Fell off his trolley,so to speak.『For all I know,he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley,and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser,』②but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country.Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.
Not that it matters.Somehow it is hard to imagine things like paper clips and supermarket trolleys having had a named inventor.It’s like discovering that at a particular moment of history a particular person invented the spoon,or the chair, or socks.One assumes that these everyday objects just happened,or evolved through natural selection.
It isn’t necessarily so.I read only the other day that Richard Ⅱ invented the handkerchief.Almost everything else was invented either by Leonardo da Vinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,and probably spoons,socks and the Rubik cube as well)or by Benjamin Franklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)or else by Joseph Stalin(television).
It’s quite possible that Leonardo or Benjamin Franklin or Stalin also invented the supermarket trolley.Certainly it has been invented more than once.Hardly was Herr Edelweiss(or whatever the Swiss chap was called)in his grave,than news came of the death of Sylvan N.Goodman at the age of 86.Sylvan also invented the supermarket trolley or,as the Los Angeles Times report calls it,the shopping cart.
Be that as it may,Herr Edelweiss or Sylvan Goodman,or both,did a grand job and made supermarket shopping far less hellish than it would otherwise be.The next step will be to get the trolleys out of the shops and into the streets.You could put an engine in the front and call it a car.Or give it big wheels and a canopy and call it a pram.The possibilities are endless.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that Herr Edelweiss.
A.was remembered by the people all over world
B.made a lot of money from his invention
C.was not very famous
D.was a business partner of Sylvan Goodman
2.The author writes this article in order to illustrate that.
A.the names of the people who invented the most useful things are usually forgotten
B.everyday objects are invented and evolve through natural selection
C.many everyday objects are invented more than once
D.many famous people have passed away without being noticed
3.Who probably invented spoons?
A.Leonardo da Vinci. B.Benjamin Franklin.
C.Victor Farris. D.A person unknown.
4. By stating that Leonardo da Vinci invented helicopters, the author means .
A. he really did it
B. he is a military scientist
C. he painted in one of his masterpieces a helicopters
D. people turn to ascribe inventions to him but they are wrong
5.What can be inferred about Aldous Huxley?
A.His death was not reported by the press.
B.He was a famous inventor.
C.He made a very big mistake in his late years.
D.He died on the same day as John F.Kenneddy.
Vocabulary
1.canopy n. 天篷
2.pram n. 婴儿车
长难句解析
①【解析】“the same goes”解析为同样的事情也发生，例:The same goes for our classmates.同样的事情也发生在我的同学身上。 who 引导的定语从句修饰inventor。
【译文】同样的事情也发生在超市手推车发明者的身上，他就在几个月以前死于瑞士。
②【解析】a household name 应译为“家喻户晓的名字”，2个“and”连接3个并列句。“for all I know”作插入语，译为“据我所知”。
【译文】据我所知，在他的家乡他的名字家喻户晓，人们甚至为纪念他的手推车为他造了塑像，还将他印在了我们曾经收集过的非常有意义的瑞士邮票上了。
答案与详解
【短文大意】正是由于发明家们的伟大作品，我们的生活才得以更加美好，但是，由于各种原因，他们的名字却并不为人们熟知。生活中有许多看似平常的东西其实都是发明家的杰作。
1. C推断题。虽然文中第三段对他进行了详细的介绍，但是直到第六段才第一次出现Herr Edelweiss这个名字，根据上下文可以看出他是瑞士人，刚刚去世。因为他发明了supermarket trolley，在他的家乡人们以塑像和发行邮票的方式纪念他，但即便如此作者怀疑if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country，而作者自己也在几分钟后忘掉了他的名字。由此可以推断出Herr Edelweiss was not very famous。Edelweiss并不是Sylvan Goodman的商业伙伴，但他们都发明了超级市场的手推车。
2. A主旨题。作者在文中提到了几位人们所不熟悉的发明家，如Victor Farris，Herr Edelweiss，和sylvan Goodman，他们发明了像paper clips，milk cartons，和supermarket trolleys等非常有用的日常物品，但是他们的名字常常不为人所知；人们更不曾记得是谁发明了scissors，bicycles，spoons...，因此文章的主旨是称赞那些默默无闻的发明家，A是最佳选项。
3. D推断题。本题的关键是对文中第五段第三句的理解，不能按照字面意思理解成Leonardo da Vinci 发明了剪子、自行车、直升飞机、勺子、袜子和骰子，本杰明·富兰克林发明了避雷针、摇椅和两用眼镜，斯大林发明了电视机，作者的本意是说人们只记得一些著名人物，却根本不知道是谁发明了这些重要的日常用品。
4. D细节题。达芬奇不可能发明直升飞机。答案应为D。人们只是喜欢把他想像成发明了很多东西的人.
5. D推断题。从文中第一段我们可以得知Aldous Huxley很有名(his career had not been without distinction)，但文中并没说他是个发明家；他的不幸之处是dying on the same day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated，报纸以大量篇幅报道肯尼迪遇刺，Huxley的死讯只出现在报纸第27版的末尾部分，因此D为正确选项。
